Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

529
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
529
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

531
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
531
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.7K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.7K
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

379
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
379
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

698
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
698
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

704
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
704

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Biokesum® <i>Polygonum minus</i> (<i>Persicaria Minor</i>) Standardized Extract Using Bacterial Reverse Mutation, <i>In Vitro</i> Micronucleus, and <i>In Vitro</i> Chromosomal Aberration Studies.

Journal of medicinal food·2025
Same author

Derivation of a No significant risk level (NSRL) for acrylamide.

Toxicology letters·2019
Same author

Derivation of a No-Significant-Risk-Level (NSRL) for diethanolamine (DEA).

Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP·2013
Same author

Exposure to Pb, Cd, and As mixtures potentiates the production of oxidative stress precursors: 30-day, 90-day, and 180-day drinking water studies in rats.

Toxicology and applied pharmacology·2010
Same author

Response to third-party review of cleaning products article.

Journal of environmental health·2009
Same author

Human health risk assessment of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in drinking water.

Toxicology and industrial health·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

2.7K

Risk Assessment and Alternatives Assessment: Comparing Two Methodologies.

Margaret H Whittaker

    Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
    |December 24, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study clarifies that alternatives assessment is a more effective tool than risk assessment for selecting safer chemicals. Prioritizing hazard assessment in alternatives assessment leads to reduced chemical risks and environmental harm.

    Keywords:
    Alternatives assessmentgreen chemistryhazardriskrisk assessment

    More Related Videos

    Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
    13:04

    Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

    Published on: September 19, 2012

    12.5K
    Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
    12:44

    Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

    Published on: July 24, 2016

    8.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

    An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
    05:37

    An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

    Published on: September 16, 2022

    2.7K
    Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
    13:04

    Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

    Published on: September 19, 2012

    12.5K
    Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
    12:44

    Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

    Published on: July 24, 2016

    8.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Green Chemistry
    • Chemical Safety
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • The chemical industry is shifting towards hazard avoidance over exposure control.
    • Risk assessment and alternatives assessment are key frameworks for chemical selection.
    • A misconception exists that alternatives assessment is less effective than risk assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and compare risk assessment and alternatives assessment frameworks.
    • To clarify the effectiveness of alternatives assessment in decision-making.
    • To identify optimal application scenarios for each framework.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of risk assessment and alternatives assessment.
    • Discussion of factors influencing framework selection.
    • Identification of effective application times for each framework.

    Main Results:

    • Alternatives assessment offers a more realistic approach to selecting environmentally preferable chemicals.
    • Alternatives assessment prioritizes hazard assessment over exposure assessment.
    • Chemical hazards are inherent, making life cycle exposure assessment challenging.

    Conclusions:

    • Alternatives assessment is superior for guiding decisions on environmentally preferable chemicals.
    • Early integration of alternatives assessment in design reduces reliance on post-hoc risk assessment.
    • Prioritizing hazard avoidance through alternatives assessment minimizes potential harm and negates the need for extensive risk assessment.