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Maternal Cardiac Adaptations to a Physical Exercise Program during Pregnancy.

María Perales1, Alejandro Santos-Lozano, Fabian Sanchis-Gomar

  • 11Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, SPAIN; 2AFIPE Research Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences INEF, Technical University of Madrid, SPAIN; 3GIDFYS, Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, SPAIN; 4Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, SPAIN; 5School of Doctorate Studies and Research, European University, Madrid, SPAIN; and 6Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, SPAIN.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|December 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Regular pregnancy exercise is safe for healthy women and may reduce excessive weight gain and depression risk. It did not significantly impact cardiac function or other pregnancy outcomes in this study.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the cardiovascular effects of regular exercise during pregnancy.
  • Investigating pregnancy exercise impact on maternal hemodynamics, cardiac remodeling, left ventricular (LV) function, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of a supervised, light-to-moderate intensity exercise program on maternal cardiovascular health indicators during pregnancy.
  • To assess the impact of pregnancy exercise on echocardiographic measures, CVD risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 241 healthy pregnant women.
  • Intervention group performed supervised aerobic and strength exercises (weeks 9-11 to 38-39).
  • Control group received standard prenatal care.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower excessive weight gain in the exercise group (18% vs. 40%, P=0.005).
  • A trend towards lower depression prevalence at end-pregnancy in the exercise group (P=0.029).
  • No significant differences in echocardiographic variables, CVD risk factors, labor, or newborn outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Supervised, light-to-moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy is safe for healthy women.
  • The intervention may help mitigate risks of excessive gestational weight gain and depression.
  • Pregnancy exercise did not negatively affect cardiac function or primary pregnancy outcomes.