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[Nitrogen metabolism and its control mechanisms].

H Bergner1

  • 1Sektion Tierproduktion und Veterinärmedizin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Archiv Fur Tierernahrung
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Nitrogen (N) intake lacks upper or lower dietary limits in working animals, with excretion controlled indirectly. Protein biosynthesis is key, with hormones like growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, somatostatin, and cortisol regulating N metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Biochemistry of Nitrogen Excretion
  • Endocrinology of Protein Synthesis

Context:

  • Dietary nitrogen (N) intake, primarily as protein, lacks defined upper or lower limits for agricultural working animals.
  • N excretion pathways involve indigestible feed, bacterial synthesis, and endogenous substances, with urine primarily containing N from amino acid and nucleic acid degeneration.
  • Intermediary stages of N excretion are controlled, but the absolute amount is dependent on intake.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the control mechanisms governing nitrogen (N) intake, excretion, and protein turnover in agricultural animals.
  • To detail the hormonal regulation of protein biosynthesis and degradation.
  • To compare N metabolism control in mammals with simpler organisms like bacteria.

Summary:

  • Nitrogen (N) intake in animal diets is not strictly regulated, leading to variable excretion levels influenced by feed composition and gut bacteria.
  • Protein biosynthesis, a critical intermediary stage, is tightly controlled by hormones including growth hormone, thyroid hormones, insulin, somatostatin, and cortisol.
  • Mammalian protein turnover control mechanisms differ from bacterial systems, preventing direct gene manipulation in protein synthesis.

Impact:

  • Understanding N metabolism control is crucial for optimizing feed efficiency and minimizing N waste in livestock.
  • The hormonal regulation of protein synthesis provides targets for improving animal growth and performance.
  • Differences in N metabolism control highlight evolutionary adaptations and limitations in genetic manipulation for protein synthesis in mammals.

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