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Patient-Specific Age: The Other Side of the Coin in Advanced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Magdalena M Schimke1, Sabrina Marozin1, Günter Lepperdinger1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Stem Cell Research, Aging and Regeneration, University Salzburg Salzburg, Austria.

Frontiers in Physiology
|December 24, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) support tissue repair and are used in therapies for conditions like graft-vs.-host disease. However, the impact of aging on MSC function and therapeutic success remains a key question.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Tissue engineering

Background:

  • Multipotential mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a rare stromal subpopulation, often found perivascularly, crucial for blood vessel integrity.
  • Activated MSC/pericytes migrate from their niche during injury to support wound healing and tissue regeneration.
  • In vitro, MSC demonstrate differentiation potential into various cell types, driving therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of MSC in regenerative medicine and various clinical conditions.
  • To investigate the role of MSC in tissue repair, graft-vs.-host disease, and potential applications in injuries and neuropathies.
  • To address the critical question of whether stem cell aging impacts the success of MSC-based clinical therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MSC biology, therapeutic applications, and aging.
  • Analysis of MSC differentiation capabilities in vitro.
  • Examination of clinical studies involving ex vivo expanded MSC.

Main Results:

  • MSC show promise in bone, cartilage, and heart regeneration, and in mitigating graft-vs.-host disease.
  • Potential applications for MSC therapies include non-healing injuries (tendon, spinal cord) and neuropathies.
  • MSC research is advancing rapidly, with significant clinical translation efforts.

Conclusions:

  • MSC hold considerable therapeutic promise across diverse medical fields.
  • The aging process of MSC and their niche is a critical, yet underexplored, factor influencing therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand and mitigate the effects of aging on MSC efficacy in clinical settings.
Keywords:
age-associated pathologyaging biologycell-based therapycellular dysfunctionregenerative medicinevascular niche

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