Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.5K
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

3.5K
Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because...
3.5K
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

718
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
718
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

4.0K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single-walled carbon nanohorns decorated with semiconductor quantum dots to evaluate intracellular transport.

Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology·2023
Same author

3D Printing Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Networks with Mask Projection Microstereolithography.

ACS macro letters·2022
Same author

Spectroscopic and Rheological Cross-Analysis of Polyester Polyol Cure Behavior: Role of Polyester Secondary Hydroxyl Content.

ACS omega·2019
Same author

Revisiting the colloidal fundamentals of water-dispersible polyesters: interactions and self-assembly of polymer nanoaggregates in water.

Soft matter·2018
Same author

Diphenylphosphino Styrene-Containing Homopolymers: Influence of Alkylation and Mobile Anions on Physical Properties.

Macromolecular rapid communications·2016
Same author

Phosphonium-containing diblock copolymers from living anionic polymerization of 4-diphenylphosphino styrene.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

14.4K

Imidazolium-Containing ABA Triblock Copolymers as Electroactive Devices.

Evan Margaretta1, Gregory B Fahs1, David L Inglefield1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, and ‡Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Well-defined triblock copolymers were synthesized and combined with ionic liquids to create mechanically reinforcing polymer films. These novel materials demonstrate ionic conductivity and mechanical actuation, paving the way for advanced applications.

Keywords:
block copolymerscontrolled polymerizationelectromechanical actuatorsionic liquidsself-assembly

More Related Videos

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research
08:03

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

17.9K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
10:16

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

14.4K
Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research
08:03

Multi-analyte Biochip MAB Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes ASSISE for Physiological Research

Published on: April 18, 2013

17.9K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Ionic Liquids

Background:

  • Developing advanced polymer materials with tunable properties is crucial for new technologies.
  • Ionic liquids offer unique characteristics for material functionalization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize well-defined ABA triblock copolymers with specific functionalities.
  • To investigate the incorporation of ionic liquids into these polymers.
  • To characterize the resulting polymer-ionic liquid composites for their thermomechanical, morphological, and conductive properties.

Main Methods:

  • Two-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
  • Postpolymerization modification.
  • Size exclusion chromatography and NMR spectroscopy for characterization.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and DMA for thermomechanical properties.
  • AFM, SAXS, and TEM for morphology analysis.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for ionic conductivity.

Main Results:

  • Well-defined ABA triblock copolymers with polystyrene outer blocks and neutralized poly(acrylic acid) central blocks were successfully synthesized.
  • Incorporation of 30 wt % ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) into the polymer films.
  • Observation of a morphological transition from packed cylindrical to lamellar structures upon ionic liquid addition.
  • Achieved in-plane ionic conductivities of approximately 10(-4) S/cm.
  • Demonstrated mechanical actuation of a device fabricated from the polymer-IL composite at a low applied voltage (4 V).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized triblock copolymers and their ionic liquid composites exhibit promising thermomechanical and conductive properties.
  • The tunable morphology and mechanical actuation capabilities highlight their potential for applications in soft robotics and actuators.