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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Tachycardia in response to remote capsaicin injection as a model for nociception in the ball python (Python regius).

Catherine J A Williams1, Lauren E James1, Mads F Bertelsen2

  • 1Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Subcutaneous capsaicin injection significantly increases heart rate (HR) in ball pythons. Opioids like morphine and butorphanol did not effectively reduce this capsaicin-induced HR response in these reptiles.

Keywords:
analgesiabutorphanolcapsaicinmorphinereptile

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The physiological responses to nociception in reptiles are not well-understood.
  • Developing reliable models for pain assessment in ball pythons (Python regius) is crucial for their welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the heart rate (HR) increase following subcutaneous (SC) capsaicin injection in ball pythons.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of morphine and butorphanol in mitigating the HR response to capsaicin.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized study involving eleven ball pythons.
  • Animals received premedication with saline, morphine, or butorphanol before SC capsaicin or sham stimulus.
  • Heart rate was monitored via electrocardiogram (ECG) following anesthesia and instrumentation.

Main Results:

  • Subcutaneous capsaicin significantly increased heart rate (peak ΔHR: 21.1 ± 5.8 beats minute⁻¹).
  • Neither morphine nor butorphanol administration significantly reduced the capsaicin-induced increase in HR.
  • Butorphanol induced significant sedation in the ball pythons.

Conclusions:

  • Subcutaneous capsaicin injection serves as a viable model for inducing a nociceptive response in ball pythons.
  • Morphine and butorphanol were ineffective in reducing the capsaicin-induced heart rate elevation.
  • Opioid administration exhibited differential effects on baseline heart rate and sedation levels.