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Comparing Methods to Determine Persistence of Childhood ADHD Into Adulthood: A Prospective, Population-Based Study
William J Barbaresi1, Amy L Weaver2, Robert G Voigt3
11 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Objective:
To compare the rate of persistence of ADHD into adulthood as determined by a norm-referenced versus non-norm-referenced diagnostic interview, and by standardized questionnaires.
Method:
Adults from a birth cohort, including research-identified childhood ADHD cases ( N = 232; Mage = 27.0 years; 167 males, 65 females) and controls ( N = 335; Mage = 28.6 years; 210 males, 125 females), were administered the M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Murphy-Barkley Symptoms Checklist (MB), and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) Results: Among the childhood ADHD cases, 29.3% fulfilled criteria for adult ADHD using a norm-referenced approach to M.I.N.I. scoring, versus 13.8% using published M.I.N.I. criteria. Among participants meeting norm-referenced diagnostic criteria, 41.8% and 69.1% were classified as adult ADHD using the MB and WURS, respectively.
Conclusion:
A non-norm-referenced approach resulted in a significant underestimate of the rate of adult ADHD. Reliance on either of two adult ADHD questionnaires would have further reduced this estimate.
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