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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Macrophage Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis: Do We Need More Evidence?
Giuseppina Stifano1, Romy Beatriz Christmann2
1Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St. 5th Floor Room 501, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Abstract:
The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis is still unknown, although immune cells, mainly macrophages/monocytes, may have an important role in initiating and/or perpetuating the disease. Macrophages and monocytes are often classified as pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or classic activation and pro-fibrotic/anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype or alternative activation. In this review, we highlighted the most relevant research regarding the involvement of macrophages/monocytes in the pathogenesis of this complex disease.
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