Sjögren's syndrome and the gut

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Pathology

Background:

• Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands.
• This destruction results in diminished glandular secretions and widespread mucosal dryness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diverse gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome.
• To explore the potential shared pathogenic mechanisms underlying salivary gland and liver damage.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on Sjögren's syndrome and its impact on the alimentary system.
• Analysis of reported symptoms, clinical findings, and biochemical/histopathological data.

Main Results:

• Oral symptoms include dryness, atrophy, dental decay, and salivary gland enlargement.
• Esophageal dysfunction (dysphagia), gastric issues (nausea, pain, dyspepsia), and potential nutritional deficiencies are common.
• Evidence suggests pancreatic involvement (pancreatitis) and significant liver involvement, with abnormal liver function tests and biopsies in many patients.

Conclusions:

• Sjögren's syndrome presents with a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations.
• The pathogenic mechanisms driving salivary gland destruction may also contribute to liver damage in Sjögren's syndrome.