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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

539
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
539
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

875
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

758
Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
758
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

862
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
862
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

20
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
20
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

1.4K
Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy in Chronic Diarrhoea.

Ashwathy Haridas, Trupti H Trivedi, Nivedita D Moulick

    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
    |December 30, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare neurological condition. Promptly discontinuing metronidazole can lead to a full recovery from MIE symptoms.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Toxicology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Metronidazole is an antibiotic commonly used to treat various infections.
    • Drug-induced toxic encephalopathy is a serious adverse effect of certain medications.
    • Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare but recognized neurological complication.

    Observation:

    • A patient with chronic diarrhea presented with neurological symptoms.
    • Neuroimaging studies were conducted to evaluate the patient's condition.
    • The patient's symptoms developed after initiating metronidazole treatment.

    Findings:

    • The patient was diagnosed with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE).
    • Neuroimaging revealed characteristic changes associated with MIE.

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  • Discontinuation of metronidazole led to a complete reversal of neurological deficits.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering MIE in patients with neurological symptoms exposed to metronidazole.
    • Early recognition and drug withdrawal are crucial for favorable outcomes.
    • Further research may elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying MIE.