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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Reply to Abedon, S.T. Dual-Receptor Recognition, Lysis Inhibition, Endolysin Release, and Reaction-Diffusion as Alternative Explanations. Comment on "Rojero et al. Bypassing Evolution of Bacterial Resistance to Phages: The Example of Hyper-Aggressive Phage 0524phi7-1. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 2914".

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Precise Phage Mutagenesis with NgTET-Assisted CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Enhancing and initiating phage-based therapies.

Philip Serwer1, Elena T Wright1, Juan T Chang2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry; The University of Texas Health Science Center ; San Antonio, TX USA.

Bacteriophage
|December 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Phage therapy offers a flexible and rapid response to drug-resistant pathogens. This strategy explores using bacteriophages (phages) for bacterial infections and as drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) for cancer therapy.

Keywords:
biofilmscancer therapycryo-electron microscopydrug-delivery vehiclesinfectious diseasesnovel bacteriophages

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Virology
  • Biotechnology and Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Traditional drug development struggles with the speed and adaptability required for evolving pathogenic cells, particularly those exhibiting drug resistance.
  • Bacteriophages (phages), with their rapid replication and diversity, present a promising avenue to enhance therapeutic response times and flexibility against pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a strategy for leveraging phage advantages in treating bacterial infections.
  • To introduce the use of phage capsid-based drug delivery vehicles (DDVs) for overcoming limitations in neoplasm therapy, including drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing modern molecular biology and biophysics to harness phage characteristics for therapeutic applications.
  • Reviewing current research on liposomal and viral drug delivery vehicles (DDVs).
  • Detailing the potential of permeability-constrained phage capsids as novel DDVs.

Main Results:

  • Outlined a strategic framework encompassing theory and practice for expanding phage therapy applications.
  • Identified necessary clinical trial modifications to facilitate broader phage therapy adoption.
  • Highlighted recent advancements in novel phages and their potential to augment phage therapy capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Phage therapy, enhanced by modern biological techniques, can provide a more agile and effective treatment for bacterial infections.
  • Phage capsid-based DDVs show significant potential to overcome existing challenges in drug delivery for cancer treatment, addressing issues like drug resistance.