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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

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Computerized tomography based 3D modeling of the clavicle.

Simon Lambert1, Nawfal Al-Hadithy1, Mathew David Sewell1

  • 1Shoulder Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Brockley Hill, Middlesex HA7 4LP, Stanmore, United Kingdom.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|December 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Clavicle fracture plating can be improved by understanding clavicle length variation. A consistent implant preferred pathway (IPP) exists, with length being the primary variable, mainly in the medial section.

Keywords:
anatomyclaviclefixationmorphologyplating

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Research
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Anatomical Studies

Background:

  • Clavicular morphology exhibits significant variability, especially in the lateral retrocurved region.
  • Current clavicle fracture plating systems demand intra-operative contouring and extensive soft tissue dissection, risking perfusion and muscle attachments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a surgically relevant superficial shape pattern for clavicle fixation.
  • To develop improved pre-contoured fracture fixation systems for clavicle fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective computed tomography (CT)-based analysis of 174 non-pathological clavicles from 95 adults.
  • Utilized cylindrical parameterization to generate 3-D computer models and identify an implant preferred pathway (IPP).

Main Results:

  • The implant preferred pathway (IPP) demonstrated a mean form within 3.04 mm (SD ± 1.34) across all clavicles.
  • Clavicle length, not shape, was the primary variable (79% of variability), predominantly in the medial antecurved section.
  • Three distinct IPP lengths effectively matched all analyzed clavicles when aligned at the acromial end.

Conclusions:

  • The implant preferred pathway (IPP) exhibits consistent general shape, with length variation being the main differentiator, primarily in the medial antecurved region.
  • Future pre-contoured clavicle fracture fixation systems should incorporate variable lengths and a constant lateral retrocurve with a variable medial antecurve.