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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer

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Renal Cancer in the Elderly.

Tania González León¹, Maricela Morera Pérez²

¹Department of Urology, National Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Párraga 215 e/San Mariano y Vista Alegre, Víbora, CP 10700, La Habana, Cuba. taniagleon@infomed.sld.cu.

Current Urology Reports

|December 31, 2015

Summary

Elderly patients with renal cancer require tailored management considering functional age and quality of life. This review synthesizes updated therapeutic options and outcomes for this growing population.

Keywords:

Ablative therapies Active surveillance Elderly Partial nephrectomy Renal cancer Renal cell carcinoma

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Oncology
Nephrology

Background:

The global aging population is experiencing a rise in renal cancer incidence.
Managing renal cancer in elderly patients necessitates careful consideration of functional age versus chronological age.
Quality of life and survival estimates are critical factors in treatment decisions for older adults with kidney cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize current criteria for therapeutic indications and outcomes in elderly patients with renal cancer.
To provide an updated overview of treatment options for geriatric renal cancer patients.
To highlight the importance of physiologic considerations, treatment tolerance, and prognostic assessments in this demographic.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of recent studies on renal cancer treatment in the elderly.
Analysis of data focusing on therapeutic options, indications, and patient outcomes.
Inclusion of factors such as physiological status, comorbidities, and quality of life.

Main Results:

Identification of key criteria for selecting appropriate therapies for elderly renal cancer patients.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of various treatment modalities in this population.
Emphasis on individualized treatment approaches based on patient-specific factors.

Conclusions:

Optimal management of renal cancer in the elderly requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Treatment decisions must balance oncologic goals with patient-centered outcomes like quality of life.
Further research is needed to refine therapeutic strategies for aging individuals with kidney cancer.