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Evolution of maternal effect senescence.

Jacob A Moorad1, Daniel H Nussey2

  • 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom jacob.moorad@ed.ac.uk.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal aging, or senescence, can evolve independently of reproductive aging. This study shows maternal effects aging is a distinct demographic process, potentially diverging from reproductive senescence.

Keywords:
agingdemographyindirect genetic effectsselectionsocial

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Gerontology
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Increased maternal age is linked to reduced offspring performance across species.
  • Evolutionary theory often unifies maternal and reproductive senescence under shared selective pressures.
  • Existing models do not fully differentiate the evolutionary trajectories of maternal and reproductive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theoretical framework integrating evolutionary and quantitative genetic models of aging.
  • To investigate whether maternal effect senescence can evolve independently of reproductive senescence.
  • To analyze the demographic and evolutionary divergence of maternal and reproductive aging patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Combined William Hamilton's evolutionary model for aging with quantitative genetic models of indirect genetic effects.
  • Developed population genetic models to simulate the evolution of maternal effects.
  • Analyzed age-specific selection pressures on fertility and maternal effects, particularly concerning neonatal survival.

Main Results:

  • Maternal effect senescence and fertility senescence are likely subject to different age-specific selection patterns, leading to divergent evolutionary forms.
  • Maternal effect senescence can evolve even without reproductive or actuarial senescence, indicating it's a distinct aging manifestation.
  • Beneficial maternal effects may evolve early in life if fertility increases with age faster than survival declines.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal effect aging represents a fundamentally distinct demographic aspect of aging evolution, separate from reproductive senescence.
  • The integrated theoretical framework allows for modeling and comparing evolutionary drivers of social aging.
  • This research provides insights into the diverse aging patterns and lifespans observed across species and suggests potential applications in ecological and social contexts.