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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Psychotic experiences in youth are linked to cognitive deficits and psychiatric risks.
  • Adult psychotic experiences are common, but research on their neuropsychological impact is limited and lacks rigorous confounding factor analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuropsychological functioning in adults reporting psychotic experiences.
  • To adjust for sociodemographic and familial factors.
  • To examine the influence of age on these cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the South East London Community Health (SELCoH) study, a population-based survey of adults aged 16+.
  • Assessed psychotic experiences using the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire.
  • Measured neuropsychological functions including verbal knowledge, working memory, memory, and processing speed, calculating a composite IQ score.

Main Results:

  • Adults with psychotic experiences (9.7%) showed significant impairments in verbal knowledge, working memory, and memory compared to those without.
  • Cognitive impairments were more severe in participants aged 50 and older, with notable deficits in IQ, verbal knowledge, working memory, and memory.
  • Age-specific impairments were observed in younger adults, with verbal knowledge deficits in the 16-24 age group and working memory/memory deficits in the 35-49 age group.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive impairment profile in adults with psychotic experiences differs from that observed in individuals with diagnosed psychotic disorders.
  • These findings suggest a distinction between subclinical psychotic experiences and clinical psychosis regarding neuropsychological impact.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering age and specific cognitive domains when assessing the impact of psychotic experiences.