Will AI in pigs become more efficient?

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Reproductive Biology
• Artificial Intelligence Applications

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently used globally in commercial pig breeding, achieving fertility rates comparable to natural mating.
• The current AI application relies solely on liquid-stored semen, limiting its efficiency and scalability, with each boar inseminating approximately 2000 sows annually.
• The reliance on liquid semen restricts international trade and impedes genetic progress in swine populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review research efforts focused on enhancing the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) in commercial pig breeding.
• To explore methods for reducing the sperm count required per insemination, thereby improving the practicality of using sexed semen.
• To facilitate the adoption of frozen-thawed semen in large-scale swine artificial insemination programs.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing scientific literature and research on AI in swine reproduction.
• Analysis of studies investigating sperm preservation techniques, particularly freezing and thawing of boar semen.
• Evaluation of research focused on optimizing sperm dosage and insemination protocols for reduced sperm numbers.

Main Results:

• Current AI practices using liquid semen are effective but suboptimal in terms of boar utilization and genetic dissemination.
• Ongoing research shows potential for reducing the number of sperm needed for successful fertilization.
• Advancements in semen processing and AI techniques are paving the way for the use of frozen-thawed semen.

Conclusions:

• Improving AI efficiency in pig breeding is crucial for maximizing genetic potential and expanding trade.
• The development and implementation of protocols for using sexed, frozen-thawed semen are key to overcoming current limitations.
• Further research and practical application of these advancements will significantly benefit the swine industry.