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Medication Errors in Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Code-Related Situations.

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Summary

Medication errors during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergencies are frequent and varied, occurring in up to 50% of cases. System and personal strategies can help reduce these critical errors.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical emergencies
  • Patient safety
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Medication errors during medical emergencies, especially cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), are not well-documented.
  • The frequency and types of these errors are highly variable and potentially underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the frequency, types, and examples of medication errors during CPR and related emergencies.
  • To analyze the breakdown of errors by type.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE from 1966 to November 2014.
  • Identification of published studies focusing on medication errors in emergency resuscitation settings.

Main Results:

  • Reported medication error rates during CPR events range widely from less than 1% to 50%, depending on the research methodology.
  • Common errors include issues with prescribing, dosing, preparation, labeling, and administration, exacerbated by the chaotic resuscitation environment.

Conclusions:

  • Medication errors are a significant concern during CPR and medical emergencies.
  • Implementing system-based strategies (e.g., infusion pump policies, code cart management) and personal strategies is crucial for minimizing these errors.