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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

43.0K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
43.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.8K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

5.1K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
5.1K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

831
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
831
Solubility03:00

Solubility

22.7K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
22.7K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

3.0K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
3.0K

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

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Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Media.

Elisha Krieg, Maartje M C Bastings, Pol Besenius1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , Mainz 55128, Germany.

Chemical Reviews
|January 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review explores one-dimensional supramolecular polymers in water, covering natural examples like amyloid fibrils and synthetic systems. It highlights their properties and potential for advanced biomaterials.

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Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • One-dimensional supramolecular polymers are crucial in biological systems.
  • Understanding their formation and properties is key for biomimetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review one-dimensional supramolecular polymers in aqueous media.
  • To discuss natural and synthetic supramolecular polymers, focusing on recent advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of natural and synthetic supramolecular polymers.
  • Analysis of structural, thermodynamic, kinetic, and nanomechanical properties.
  • Focus on recent studies addressing challenges in mechanistic understanding and design.

Main Results:

  • Natural examples include amyloid fibrils, actin filaments, and microtubules.
  • Synthetic systems are categorized by hydrogen-bond motifs, π-conjugated surfaces, host-guest interactions, peptides, and DNA.
  • Recent research advances mechanistic understanding, rational design, functionality, and robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular polymers in water offer diverse properties and functionalities.
  • Biologically inspired designs hold significant potential for advanced materials.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in control and application.