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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

59.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

3.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Cortical excitability changes over time in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Samar S Ayache, Alain Créange, Wassim H Farhat

    Functional Neurology
    |January 5, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Disease-modifying therapies may stabilize cortical excitability in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This study found that patients with MS not on medication showed worsening disability and decreased motor cortex inhibition, unlike those on treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Clinical Neurology

    Background:

    • Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neurodegeneration.
    • Motor cortex excitability changes in MS are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To longitudinally assess motor cortex excitability in progressive MS patients over one year.
    • To investigate the impact of disease-modifying therapies on neurophysiology in MS.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of 25 progressive MS patients over 12 months.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) assessed motor thresholds (MTs), input-output curves, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation.
    • Clinical status evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

    Main Results:

    • In 16 untreated MS patients, EDSS worsened, resting MT increased, and SICI decreased.
    • Nine MS patients on immunomodulatory therapy showed no significant clinical or neurophysiological changes.
    • Progressive MS without treatment is linked to reduced cortical excitability in both excitatory and inhibitory circuits.

    Conclusions:

    • Progressive MS naturally involves a decline in motor cortex excitability.
    • Disease-modifying drugs may preserve cortical excitability in progressive MS patients.
    • This pilot study suggests a neuroprotective role for therapies in MS.