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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

16.1K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
16.1K
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

136.3K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
136.3K
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

21.9K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
21.9K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

77.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
77.0K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

19.5K
19.5K
Halogens03:01

Halogens

24.1K
Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
24.1K

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Very strong (-)N-X(+)(-)O-N(+) halogen bonds.

Rakesh Puttreddy1, Ondřej Jurček1, Sandip Bhowmik1

  • 1University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box. 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. kari.t.rissanen@jyu.fi.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|January 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers established a new halogen bonding paradigm using oxygen as an acceptor, forming exceptionally strong interactions comparable to hydrogen bonds. This breakthrough offers new possibilities in molecular complexation studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Bonding
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Halogen bonding typically involves electrophilic halogen atoms interacting with nucleophilic sites.
  • Exploring novel halogen bond acceptors is crucial for expanding the scope of non-covalent interactions.
  • Understanding the strength and nature of these interactions is key to designing functional molecular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a new (-)N-X(+)(-)O-N(+) halogen bonding paradigm.
  • To utilize an oxygen atom as an unconventional halogen bond acceptor.
  • To characterize the strength and properties of these novel halogen bonded complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Solution-state characterization using (1)H NMR titrations in CDCl3 and acetone-d6.
  • Solid-state analysis via single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Quantification of association constants for halogen bonded complexes.

Main Results:

  • Successful establishment of the (-)N-X(+)(-)O-N(+) halogen bonding paradigm.
  • Formation of extremely strong halogen bonded complexes with high association constants.
  • Demonstration that these halogen bond interactions (RXB) in the solid-state are comparable in strength to strong hydrogen bonds (RHB).

Conclusions:

  • Oxygen atoms can act as effective halogen bond acceptors, expanding the known scope of halogen bonding.
  • The newly developed halogen bonding strategy yields exceptionally strong molecular interactions.
  • These findings provide a new paradigm for designing and understanding supramolecular assemblies based on halogen bonding.