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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct
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Alcohol and the pancreas.

M V Apte1, P S Haber1, I D Norton1

  • 1Pancreatic Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Addiction Biology
|January 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alcoholic pancreatitis, a severe complication of alcohol abuse, may start as acute inflammation, not chronic. Research now focuses on pancreatic acinar cells as the initial site of injury, driven by alcohol metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Toxicology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Alcoholic pancreatitis is a severe, often fatal, complication of excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Historically, alcoholic pancreatitis was considered a chronic condition from its onset.
  • Emerging evidence supports the necrosis-fibrosis hypothesis, suggesting an acute initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the shift in research focus regarding the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis.
  • To highlight the role of the pancreatic acinar cell as the primary site of alcohol-induced injury.
  • To discuss the direct effects of alcohol and its metabolites on pancreatic acinar cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and studies on alcoholic pancreatitis.
  • Analysis of research focusing on the acinar cell's role in disease initiation.
  • Examination of alcohol metabolism within pancreatic acinar cells compared to hepatocytes.

Main Results:

  • Alcoholic pancreatitis pathogenesis research has shifted focus to the pancreatic acinar cell.
  • Pancreatic acinar cells metabolize alcohol similarly to hepatocytes.
  • Alcohol and its metabolites directly impact acinar cells, potentially causing premature enzyme activation and oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Alcoholic pancreatitis may initiate as an acute process involving acinar cell injury, progressing to chronic disease with repeated insults.
  • The pancreatic acinar cell is increasingly recognized as the initial site of damage in alcoholic pancreatitis.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific factors predisposing to and triggering alcoholic pancreatitis.