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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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The Interplay Between Sleep Disturbance, Glymphatic Dysfunction and Altered Brain Networks in Internet Gaming

Jiawen Tian1,2,3,4,5,6, Hui Zhang1,2,3,4,5,6, Xinyu Wang1,2,3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.

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Individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit impaired glymphatic system function, linked to poor sleep quality. Altered frontal lobe connectivity correlates with addiction severity, suggesting a sleep-glymphatic-prefrontal network in IGD.

Keywords:
DTI‐ALPSInternet gaming disorderfunctional connectivitymiddle frontal gyrussleep disturbances

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Sleep Science
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are prevalent in Internet gaming disorder (IGD).
  • The glymphatic system, crucial for brain waste clearance and sleep, may be implicated.
  • Prefrontal network alterations are associated with cognitive control deficits in addiction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobiological links between sleep quality, glymphatic function, and prefrontal network alterations in IGD.
  • To utilize Diffusion Tensor Image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-centered functional connectivity to assess these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Employed DTI-ALPS to evaluate glymphatic system function in 30 individuals with IGD and 37 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Conducted resting-state functional MRI with MFG as the seed region to analyze functional connectivity.
  • Correlated DTI-ALPS indices, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, and IGD Severity Scale (IAT) scores within the IGD group.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with IGD demonstrated significantly lower ALPS indices compared to HCs, indicating reduced glymphatic function.
  • Poorer subjective sleep quality (higher PSQI scores) was associated with lower ALPS indices in the IGD group.
  • Stronger MFG-centered functional connectivity correlated positively with IAT scores, suggesting greater addiction severity.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest reduced glymphatic system function and altered prefrontal connectivity in individuals with IGD.
  • These neurobiological changes are associated with poorer sleep quality and increased addiction severity.
  • The study supports a potential sleep-glymphatic-prefrontal network framework for understanding the pathophysiology of IGD.