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Avionic technology testing by using a cognitive neurometric index: A study with professional helicopter pilots.

Gianluca Borghini, Pietro Aricò, Gianluca Di Flumeri

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Head-Up Displays (HUDs) significantly reduce helicopter pilot mental workload compared to other avionics. A novel EEG-based Mental Workload Index (MWL) reliably measures cognitive load, outperforming subjective pilot reports.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Human Factors Engineering
    • Aerospace Technology

    Background:

    • Evaluating the impact of avionic technologies on pilot mental workload is crucial for flight safety and system design.
    • Previous research indicates changes in electroencephalography (EEG) power spectral density (PSD) in theta and alpha bands correlate with cognitive workload.
    • Subjective measures like the NASA-TLX questionnaire are commonly used but may lack sensitivity in differentiating workload across various avionic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare the impact of various avionic technologies on helicopter pilot mental workload.
    • To introduce and validate a novel EEG-based Mental Workload Index (MWL) for objective workload assessment.
    • To compare the efficacy of the MWL with subjective pilot workload ratings.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulated helicopter missions were conducted with pilots utilizing different avionic technologies: Head-Up Display (HUD), Head-Mounted Display (HMD), Full Conformal symbology (FC), Flight Guidance (FG) symbology, Synthetic Vision System (SVS), and Radar Obstacles (RO) detection.
    • Pilot brain activity was measured using EEG, focusing on frontal theta and parietal alpha band PSD.
    • A Mental Workload Index (MWL) was calculated as the ratio of frontal theta PSD to parietal alpha PSD.
    • Subjective workload was assessed using the NASA-TLX questionnaire.

    Main Results:

    • The Head-Up Display (HUD) demonstrated a significant reduction in mental workload across all flight scenarios compared to other tested technologies (p < .05).
    • The combined use of Full Conformal (FC) and Flight Guidance (FG) symbology (FC+FG) significantly decreased workload compared to FC alone (p < .01).
    • The Synthetic Vision System (SVS) on a Head Down Display (HDD), combined with FC+FG and Radar Obstacles (RO) detection, suggested a lower cerebral workload than FC alone.
    • Subjective workload measures via the NASA-TLX questionnaire did not reveal significant differences among the flight scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed EEG-based Mental Workload Index (MWL) serves as a reliable and sensitive neurometric for quantifying pilot mental workload.
    • The HUD is a highly effective avionic technology for reducing pilot mental workload.
    • The MWL provides a valid objective measure for comparing and testing the effectiveness of different avionic technologies, outperforming subjective pilot assessments in differentiating workload levels.