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Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
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Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa
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Package architecture and component design for an implanted neural stimulator with closed loop control.

Caroline K Bjune, Thomas F Marinis, Jeanne M Brady

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel neural stimulator system with 64 electrodes for closed-loop control. The system utilizes flush-mounted satellite packages and a central hub for advanced neural recording and stimulation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Implantable Devices

    Background:

    • Closed-loop neural stimulators require integrated electrode arrays for both stimulation and recording.
    • Existing systems face challenges in miniaturization, reliability, and power management for long-term implantation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and characterize a novel, miniaturized, and reliable neural stimulator system for closed-loop applications.
    • To integrate advanced features including electrode switching, low-noise amplification, and wireless communication within a compact design.

    Main Methods:

    • A system comprising five 14mm diameter satellite packages, each with 64 addressable electrodes, low-noise amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters.
    • Co-location of electronics within satellite packages, connected to a central hub via high-reliability connectors and flexible circuitry.
    • Inclusion of multiple antennas for wireless recharging, data download, software updates, and external control package communication.

    Main Results:

    • Successful integration of 64-electrode arrays with flexible stimulation/recording capabilities in a flush-mounted package.
    • Development of a miniaturized, high-reliability connector with triple sealing for fluid isolation.
    • Implementation of a hermetically sealed hub with wireless charging and data/software update capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed neural stimulator system offers a robust and integrated solution for closed-loop neural interfacing.
    • The miniaturized design and advanced features pave the way for enhanced neuroprosthetics and therapeutic applications.
    • The system's reliability and wireless capabilities facilitate long-term implantation and user-friendly control.