Global burden of prematurity.

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Global Health

Background:

• Preterm birth (PTB) is a major global health challenge, leading to significant infant morbidity and mortality.
• Prematurity is the primary cause of death for newborns and children up to five years old worldwide.
• Approximately 11% of global deliveries, totaling 15 million births annually, result in preterm birth, with rates increasing in many regions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology and etiology of preterm birth (PTB).
• To analyze survival rates by gestational age for preterm infants.
• To review effective interventions and preventative strategies for PTB, particularly in high-burden countries.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing data and literature on preterm birth.
• Epidemiological data, etiological factors, survival statistics, and intervention outcomes were compiled from global sources.
• Focus on high-burden countries to identify effective strategies.

Main Results:

• Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal and childhood mortality globally.
• An estimated 15 million babies are born preterm each year, representing about 11% of all births.
• Preterm birth rates are increasing in most countries, highlighting an urgent need for intervention.

Conclusions:

• Preterm birth poses a critical and growing threat to global child survival.
• Understanding the epidemiology and etiology is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
• Implementing evidence-based preventative measures and improving care for preterm infants are essential to reduce mortality and morbidity.