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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
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The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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[Paranasal sinus mucoceles: About 32 cases].

K Hssaine1, B Belhoucha1, Y Rochdi1

  • 1Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Maroc.

Revue De Stomatologie, De Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale Et De Chirurgie Orale
|January 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Paranasal sinus mucoceles are benign tumors that can aggressively affect surrounding structures. Endonasal surgery offers a low-morbidity, gold-standard treatment for these expansive pseudo-cysts.

Keywords:
EndoscopieEndoscopyMarsupialisationMarsupializationMucoceleMucocèle

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Mucocele is a benign, expansive pseudo-cystic tumor of the paranasal sinuses.
  • Despite its benign nature, it can aggressively invade adjacent orbital and intracranial structures.
  • This pathology primarily affects adults, with potential for significant complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolution characteristics of paranasal sinus mucoceles.
  • To analyze patient demographics, common symptoms, and diagnostic imaging modalities.
  • To evaluate surgical outcomes and recurrence rates following treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A 9-year retrospective study involving 32 patients with surgically treated paranasal sinus mucoceles.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical procedures, and follow-up.
  • Surgical approaches analyzed were endonasal marsupialization and combined approaches.

Main Results:

  • The mean patient age was 43.28 years, with a 1:1 sex ratio.
  • Fronto-ethmoid sinus was the most common site (27 cases), followed by maxillary (3) and sphenoid (2).
  • Periorbital swelling and exophthalmia were the most frequent symptoms; CT confirmed diagnosis in most cases. Two recurrences were noted after 18 months.

Conclusions:

  • Paranasal sinus mucocele is a benign, expansive tumor predominantly affecting adults.
  • Clinical symptoms are often non-specific, but ophthalmic or intracranial complications can occur.
  • Endonasal surgery is the established gold-standard treatment, demonstrating low morbidity and efficacy.