Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

1.8K
Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
1.8K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

1.1K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
1.1K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

5.6K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
5.6K
Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

1.6K
Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...
1.6K
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

1.1K
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sciences of the brain: The long road to scientific maturity and to present-day reductionism.

Comptes rendus biologies·2015
Same author

[Overview of acute and chronic stress responses].

Medecine sciences : M/S·2012
Same author

Allostasis and addiction: role of the dopamine and corticotropin-releasing factor systems.

Physiology & behavior·2011
Same author

Flaws of drug instrumentalization.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2011
Same author

Paradoxical effect of severe dietary restriction on Long-Evans rat life span.

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition·2011
Same author

Individual vulnerability to addiction.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2011
Same journal

IGFBP3 and UBE2C are associated with protein modification pathways and serve as prognostic markers in glioma.

Brain research·2026
Same journal

Targeting neurodevelopmental miR132-3p promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in mice.

Brain research·2026
Same journal

Variability in acoustic startle response and prepulse inhibition across adulthood in Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 knockout mice.

Brain research·2026
Same journal

Transcriptome-guided modeling reveals insulin-related metabolic dysfunction in SCA3 mouse cerebellum.

Brain research·2026
Same journal

Intranasal stromal cell-derived factor-1α mitigates parkinsonian deficits via dual modulation of neuroinflammation and gut microbiota in MPTP-induced models.

Brain research·2026
Same journal

Emotions, the amygdala, and the right hemisphere.

Brain research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.3K

Individual vulnerabilities relative for potential pathological conditions.

Michel Le Moal1

  • 1Neurocentre Magendie Inserm U862, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.

Brain Research
|January 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stress and drug exposure can increase vulnerability to amphetamine addiction by altering dopamine pathways. This sensitization enhances the likelihood of developing amphetamine self-administration behavior.

Keywords:
AmphetamineDopamineIndividual differencesSelf-administrationStressVulnerability

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.2K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

13.3K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research
05:03

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.2K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Individual differences in vulnerability to addiction are crucial for understanding pathological behaviors.
  • The psychobiological underpinnings of addiction predisposition have been under-investigated.
  • Long-term historical perspective on stress and drug effects on behavior is valuable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how stress and amphetamine exposure influence vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration.
  • To explore the role of behavioral sensitization in addiction acquisition.
  • To examine the involvement of the dopamine system in stress- and drug-induced vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a self-administration (SA) acquisition paradigm in animal models.
  • Induced behavioral sensitization through repeated exposure to stress (tail-pinch) or amphetamine.
  • Measured locomotor response to amphetamine and assessed SA behavior.

Main Results:

  • Repeated stress or amphetamine exposure led to behavioral sensitization, increasing locomotor response to amphetamine.
  • Sensitization significantly enhanced vulnerability to acquiring amphetamine SA.
  • Stressful experiences and prior drug contact can predispose individuals to amphetamine-taking behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Stressful experiences and prior amphetamine exposure increase vulnerability to developing amphetamine addiction.
  • Behavioral sensitization plays a key role in the acquisition of drug self-administration.
  • The dopamine (DA) system is a likely mediator through which stress influences amphetamine SA.