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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Peer influence significantly shapes student behavior and academic outcomes.
  • Social norms can drive conformity, impacting individual decision-making in educational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how peer observability of effort affects student performance and choices.
  • To determine if students conform to prevailing norms to avoid social penalties.

Main Methods:

  • A natural experiment involving a performance leaderboard in online high school courses.
  • A field experiment varying the privacy of sign-up decisions for an SAT preparatory course.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of a leaderboard led to a 24% decline in performance, particularly among high-achieving students.
  • Publicly announcing sign-up decisions for an SAT course decreased enrollment in non-honors classes but not in honors classes.
  • Student responses to public decisions varied based on the norms of their peer group (honors vs. non-honors).

Conclusions:

  • Student behavior is highly sensitive to peer influence and prevailing social norms.
  • Conformity to norms, driven by the desire to avoid social penalties or gain social approval, significantly impacts educational decisions and performance.