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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation
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What Drives Risky Prescription Opioid Use?: Evidence from Migration.

Amy Finkelstein1, Matthew Gentzkow2, Dean Li3

  • 1MIT and NBER.

The Quarterly Journal of Economics
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moving to states with higher risky opioid use increases addiction probability. State policies, like pain clinic laws, can significantly reduce risky prescription opioid use, especially when enacted early.

Keywords:
H51I12Opioidsdisabilitygeographic variationopioid epidemic

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Policy

Background:

  • The opioid epidemic is driven by complex person- and place-specific factors.
  • Understanding these drivers is crucial for effective policy interventions.
  • State-level opioid policies have shown varying impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and estimate a dynamic model of risky prescription opioid use.
  • To identify person- and place-specific drivers of the opioid epidemic.
  • To assess the impact of state opioid policies on risky use.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic modeling of risky prescription opioid use.
  • Event studies analyzing adult disability insurance recipients (2006-2019).
  • Potential outcomes framework to map model factors.

Main Results:

  • Relocation to states with higher risky use rates causes immediate and gradual increases in risky opioid use.
  • Place-specific factors significantly influence addiction transition and opioid availability.
  • State pain clinic laws reduced risky use by 5%, with potential for 30% reduction if enacted earlier.
  • A one standard deviation reduction in all place effects could decrease risky use by 40%.

Conclusions:

  • Place-based factors are significant drivers of risky prescription opioid use and addiction.
  • State opioid policies, particularly pain clinic laws, can effectively mitigate risky use.
  • Early enactment of restrictive policies amplifies their impact on reducing opioid epidemic dynamics.