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Discrimination in Multi-Phase Systems: Evidence from Child Protection.

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Black children face higher foster care placement rates due to racial bias in child protective services. This discrimination originates from both initial screeners and investigators, impacting placement decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Policy
  • Child Welfare Studies

Background:

  • Child protective services involve multiple decision-making phases.
  • Racial disparities in foster care placement are a significant concern.
  • Understanding the propagation of discrimination is crucial for equitable systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop empirical tools for analyzing discrimination in multi-phase systems.
  • To investigate racial disparities in foster care placement decisions.
  • To identify the sources and extent of racial bias in child protective services.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quasi-random assignment of hotline screeners and investigators.
  • Analyzed a large dataset of over 200,000 maltreatment allegations.
  • Employed empirical tools to quantify racial disparities in placement decisions.

Main Results:

  • Black children are 55% more likely to be placed in foster care than white children with similar maltreatment risk.
  • Call screeners contribute up to 19% of the unwarranted racial disparity.
  • Investigators account for the majority of the remaining unwarranted disparity.

Conclusions:

  • Racial disparities in foster care placement are evident and propagate through the system.
  • Both initial screening and investigative phases contribute to unwarranted racial bias.
  • Potential under-placement of white children in high-risk situations warrants further investigation.