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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

1.9K
An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
1.9K
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
1.5K
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
2.0K
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

752
Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
752
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

893
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
893
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

1.6K
Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

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Ivor-Lewis oesophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y duodenal bypass.

J Cartwright1, E Forbat1, A Botha1

  • 1Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|January 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Laparoscopic oesophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y bypass offers potential long-term benefits for benign esophageal and gastric conditions. This complex reconstruction may improve patient outcomes and satisfaction, particularly for those with severe reflux symptoms.

Keywords:
Gastro-oesophageal refluxIvor–LewisOesophagogastrectomyRoux-en-Y bypass

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Oesophagectomies and gastrectomies are primarily for malignant conditions.
  • This case series explores laparoscopic oesophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y for benign disease.
  • The goal is to prevent poor quality of life sequelae like reflux oesophagitis.

Observation:

  • Three patients with benign disease underwent laparoscopic oesophagogastrectomy with gastroduodenal detachment and Roux-en-Y biliary diversion.
  • Initial postoperative year showed weight loss and digestive issues in two patients.
  • One patient with lifelong reflux experienced normal eating post-operation.

Findings:

  • Long-term, gastric tube interpositions functioned well with no gastro-oesophageal reflux or delayed gastric emptying.
  • The third patient showed significant improvement in reflux symptoms and eating.
  • The modified procedure appears feasible for benign conditions.

Implications:

  • Laparoscopic Ivor-Lewis oesophagogastrectomy with Roux-en-Y bypass is a complex but potentially superior reconstruction for benign disease.
  • This technique may enhance long-term patient outcomes and satisfaction.
  • Consideration for patients with severe reflux and benign esophageal/gastric pathology is warranted.