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Zinc in kidney disease.

¹VA Medical Center, Allen Park, Michigan 48101.

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

|August 1, 1989

Summary

Zinc (Zn) metabolism is frequently abnormal in chronic kidney disease patients. Understanding the causes of Zn deficiency is crucial before using Zn supplements for treatment.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Nutritional Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Abnormalities in zinc (Zn) metabolism are common in patients with chronic renal disease, particularly those with nephrotic disease and uremia.
The precise causes of zinc deficiency in kidney disease remain unclear, though several factors may contribute.
Potential contributing factors include decreased dietary intake, reduced intestinal absorption, increased endogenous Zn secretion, and elevated urinary Zn excretion.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted causes of altered zinc metabolism in chronic kidney disease.
To highlight the potential clinical manifestations linked to zinc depletion in these patients.
To emphasize the need for further controlled studies on the therapeutic benefits of zinc supplementation.

Main Methods:

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Review of existing literature on zinc metabolism in chronic renal disease.
Analysis of factors contributing to zinc deficiency, including dietary, absorptive, secretory, and excretory pathways.
Examination of clinical consequences associated with zinc depletion.

Main Results:

Several factors contribute to altered zinc metabolism in chronic kidney disease.
Zinc depletion is associated with a range of symptoms, including taste dysfunction, sexual and gonadal issues, hyperprolactinemia, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, growth retardation, neuropathy, anemia, immune dysfunction, and delayed wound healing.

Conclusions:

The causes of abnormal zinc metabolism in chronic kidney disease are multifactorial and require identification.
While zinc depletion is linked to various adverse health outcomes, the efficacy of pharmacologic zinc doses needs rigorous evaluation.
Routine therapeutic use of zinc in uremic patients should be preceded by a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of their abnormal zinc metabolism.