Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

18
Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
18
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.4K
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

44
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
44
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

17
Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
17
Microbial Interactions: Cooperation01:26

Microbial Interactions: Cooperation

36
Microbial cooperation involves beneficial interactions in which different species work together for individual or mutual advantage. These interactions can profoundly influence ecological dynamics and evolutionary processes, and they are essential to many pathogenic and symbiotic relationships.Nematode–Bacteria CooperationA striking example is the relationship between the Gram-negative bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila and the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. Juvenile nematodes...
36
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

47
Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
47

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acquisition of a novel restriction modification system regulates genetic flux and gene expression in the hypervirulent and globally disseminated CC17 lineage of group B Streptococcus.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Group B streptococcal membrane vesicles induce proinflammatory responses in neonatal meninges.

Infection and immunity·2026
Same author

Oral contraceptive usage among healthcare workers and its impact on COVID-19 booster vaccination immunogenicity.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Dexamethasone restores blood-brain barrier integrity in an in vitro heatstroke model.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Modeling Blood-Brain Barrier Efflux Transport Using a Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Overexpression Cell Line.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

The diabetic wound microenvironment drives emergence and maintenance of CovRS variants in group B <i>Streptococcus</i>.

Infection and immunity·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
09:58

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side

Published on: May 6, 2016

15.0K

Host-pathogen interactions in bacterial meningitis.

Kelly S Doran1,2, Marcus Fulde3,4, Nina Gratz5

  • 1Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.

Acta Neuropathologica
|January 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial meningitis causes severe neurological damage. This review details how pathogens like Streptococcus pneumonia and E. coli K1 interact with the host, leading to brain inflammation and potential long-term effects.

Keywords:
Bacterial meningitisEscherichia coli K1Group B StreptococcusMeningococciNeuroinfectiologyPneumococciStreptococcus suis

More Related Videos

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature
11:40

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Published on: April 1, 2014

15.4K
Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
09:58

A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side

Published on: May 6, 2016

15.0K
Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature
11:40

Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature

Published on: April 1, 2014

15.4K
Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
10:03

Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery

Published on: November 5, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis is a global disease with significant neurological sequelae.
  • Pathogenesis involves complex interactions between meningeal pathogens and host responses.
  • Specific lesions and clinical syndromes arise from nervous system tissue dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding molecular and cellular events in bacterial meningitis pathogenesis.
  • To focus on key neuroinvasive pathogens: Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus agalactiae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Escherichia coli K1.
  • To include the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on host-pathogen interactions in bacterial meningitis.
  • Focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuroinvasion and inflammation.
  • Comparative analysis of common and specific pathogenic themes.

Main Results:

  • Identified common themes in host-pathogen interactions for neuroinvasive bacteria.
  • Detailed mechanisms of mucosal barrier invasion, bloodstream survival, and CNS entry.
  • Highlighted the induction of meningeal inflammation affecting the pia mater, arachnoid, and subarachnoid spaces.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for combating bacterial meningitis.
  • Specific pathogens share common strategies for neuroinvasion and causing inflammation.
  • Further research into these interactions can inform therapeutic strategies.