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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO₂

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array

Published on: October 8, 2016

Recent Advances in Multinuclear Metal Nitrosyl Complexes.

Lijuan Li¹, Linlin Li¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840.

Coordination Chemistry Reviews

|January 9, 2016

Summary

This review covers multinuclear metal nitrosyl complexes, focusing on Roussin

Keywords:

Nitric oxide Roussin’s black salt Roussin’s red salt Roussin’s red salt ester dinitrosyl iron complex dinuclear metal nitrosyl hexanuclear metal nitrosyl iron sulfur cluster metal nitrosyl metal nitrosyl cluster multinuclear metal nitrosyl nitrosyl octanuclear metal nitrosyl pentanuclear metal nitrosyl tetranuclear metal nitrosyl trinuclear metal nitrosyl

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Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

Nitric oxide (NO) and its metal compounds have significantly advanced biological understanding.
Metal nitrosyl complexes are crucial in various biological processes.
The field of coordination chemistry has seen rapid expansion in metal nitrosyls.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in multinuclear metal nitrosyl complexes.
To highlight Roussin's salts and their ester derivatives.
To cover literature from 2003 to the present.

Main Methods:

Literature review of isolated multinuclear metal nitrosyl complexes.
Organization by the number of metal centers.
Classification based on bridging ligands.

Main Results:

Significant progress in the synthesis and characterization of multinuclear metal nitrosyls.
Detailed examination of Roussin's salts and related ester derivatives.
Categorization of complexes based on structural diversity.

Conclusions:

Multinuclear metal nitrosyl chemistry continues to evolve.
Structural diversity and synthetic accessibility are key features.
These complexes hold potential for further biological and chemical applications.