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Updated: Mar 27, 2026
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Published on: September 8, 2023
Vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO): cephalometric norms for a Moroccan population
Lahcen Ousehal1, ElMehdi Jouhadi2, Anas Bennani2
1Department of Orthodontics, dental faculty , Hassan II university of casablanca, Rue 7, numéro 63 lotissement espérance 2, Ain Sbaa, Casablanca, Morocco. lahcen2228@yahoo.fr.
Objectives:
The purpose of this work was to develop cephalometric standards of the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in Moroccan adults.
Methods:
Our data consisted of standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of 98 students at the Casablanca Faculty of Dentistry. These included 74 women and 24 men aged 18-34 years, who were selected on the basis of a well-proportioned face, acceptable profile, Class I occlusion, minor or no crowding, and no history of orthodontic treatment. Mean values of seven (six angle and one linear) dentoskeletal parameters were determined from lateral cephalometric radiographs.
Results:
These Moroccans tended to exhibit an opening in the VDO in comparison with the standards of Steiner and Wylie and those of other populations: GoGn/SN: 35.4° ± 5.3°, FMA: 25.6° ± 5.1°, Occ/SN: 19.3° ± 4.7°, Occ/Fr: 9.1° ± 4°, SGn/Fr: 59.2° ± 3.4°, ENA-Xi-Pm: 46.2° ± 4.4°, ENA-Me: 69.7 ± 5.9 mm.
Conclusion:
Moroccans have distinct cephalometric characteristics, which should be used as the reference in future orthodontic and prosthetic treatments.
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