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Physiological considerations in training young athletes.

C W Zauner1, M G Maksud, J Melichna

  • 1College of Health and Physical Education, Oregon State University, Corvallis.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Children

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Human Growth and Development

Background:

  • Children's cardiorespiratory function is lower than adults' but proportional to body size.
  • Muscle fiber characteristics and enzyme activity differ at birth, normalizing by age 6, with thickness increasing until age 18.
  • Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) increases with growth, mainly due to muscle mass development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the physiological responses to exercise in children compared to adults.
  • To examine the impact of growth, maturation, and training on pediatric exercise capacity.
  • To highlight differences in metabolic and thermoregulatory responses during physical activity in youth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on pediatric exercise physiology.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and thermoregulatory responses in children and adults.
  • Examination of the effects of aerobic and strength training on young individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Children exhibit higher heart rates and ventilation but lower stroke volumes and blood pressure responses during exercise.
    • Pediatric exercise ventilation is less efficient, thermoregulation is poorer, and anaerobic metabolism capacity is limited compared to adults.
    • Aerobic training improves ventilatory efficiency and VO2max in children, while strength training can induce muscle hypertrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Children's physiological responses to exercise differ significantly from adults due to developmental factors.
    • Endurance and strength training can positively impact exercise capacity and body composition in youth.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the long-term effects of training interventions in early childhood.