Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

765
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
765
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

3.1K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
3.1K
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

417
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
417
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

256
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
256
Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

1.1K
Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
1.1K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods01:26

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

289
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...
289

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emotional Dysregulation as a Clinically Relevant Dimension of Adult ADHD: A Multidimensional Clinical Study.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder: A multicenter real-world longitudinal study.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same author

Reducing the duration of untreated illness in anxiety disorders: neglected priority for clinical practice and health policy.

The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·2026
Same author

Investigating Treatment Response in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Through Neuromodulation and Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models: Preliminary Clinical Observations from a Translational Study.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

A clinical perspective of Gambling Dual Disorder: an italian cross-sectional multicenter study.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Esketamine in treatment-resistant depression with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder: A real-world longitudinal study of suicidal ideation and self-harm.

Asian journal of psychiatry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

9.8K

Lithium overdosage and related tests.

Paolo D Pigatto1, Bernardo Dell'Osso2,3, Gianpaolo Guzzi4

  • 1Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. gianpaolo_guzzi@fastwebnet.it.

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Lithium

More Related Videos

The Tail Suspension Test
10:17

The Tail Suspension Test

Published on: January 28, 2012

84.1K
In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
09:36

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 12, 2018

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

9.8K
The Tail Suspension Test
10:17

The Tail Suspension Test

Published on: January 28, 2012

84.1K
In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
09:36

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 12, 2018

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Lithium's biochemical action involves inositol depletion in the brain cortex.
  • Lithium efficacy varies with dosage, being partly effective at low doses and toxic at high concentrations.
  • Lithium's neurotoxicity, cardiovascular, and thyroid effects are linked to cation competition (Na+, K+).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review lithium's biochemical mechanisms and toxicity.
  • To highlight the importance of managing hypernatremia in patients receiving lithium.
  • To emphasize serial monitoring of sodium and lithium levels to optimize lithium elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lithium's biochemical effects.
  • Analysis of lithium's pharmacokinetic interactions, particularly with sodium levels.
  • Discussion of the role of cation competition in lithium-induced toxicity.

Main Results:

  • High sodium levels decrease lithium elimination rates.
  • Lithium's neurotoxicity, cardiovascular, and thyroid effects are associated with cation competition.
  • Effective management of hypernatremia is crucial for safe lithium therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium's therapeutic window is narrow, requiring careful dose management.
  • Monitoring and correcting hypernatremia are essential to prevent lithium toxicity.
  • Understanding cation competition aids in predicting and mitigating adverse lithium effects.