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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
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Community-based interventions in mental health represent a paradigm shift from institution-centered care to treatments embedded within the fabric of local communities. By prioritizing inclusion and leveraging existing societal structures, this approach fosters a supportive environment conducive to addressing mental health challenges while promoting individual dignity and agency.
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Exploring Managers' Perspectives on MNCH Program in Pakistan: A Qualitative Study.

Mariyam Sarfraz1, Saima Hamid1

  • 1Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pakistan

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Systems Management
  • Maternal Health Services

Background:

  • Challenges in Pakistan's Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) Program implementation.
  • Lack of evidence on managerial aspects of MNCH program management.
  • Service delivery, financial, logistic, and human resource management issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Explore implementation challenges of a community midwifery program in Punjab.
  • Identify future directions for the program in a devolved health system.
  • Analyze managerial perspectives on MNCH program delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study design.
  • Exploration of challenges faced by program managers at national, provincial, and district levels.

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  • Analysis of program implementation in Punjab province.

    • Main Results:

    • Program planning lacked stakeholder involvement, socio-demographic context, and health system capacity assessment.
    • Financial limitations, weak leadership, and political commitment impacted program implementation.
    • Community midwifery program faced significant implementation hurdles.

    Conclusions:

    • Need for program restructuring to ensure sustainability and collaboration.
    • Enhance skilled birth attendance uptake and improve maternal healthcare in Pakistan.
    • Address managerial and systemic challenges for effective MNCH program delivery.