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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.5K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.5K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.5K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

3.9K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
3.9K
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

1.6K
Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
1.6K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

962
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
962
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

2.8K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
2.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

11.7K

Polyelectrolyte complexes: mechanisms, critical experimental aspects, and applications.

Abhijeet D Kulkarni1, Yogesh H Vanjari1, Karan H Sancheti1

  • 1a Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India ;

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
|January 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are versatile, eco-friendly formulations made from oppositely charged biopolymers. This review details their formation, structure, and diverse applications, highlighting their beneficial properties.

Keywords:
Biomedical applicationsdrug deliveryelectrostatic interactionspolyelectrolyte complexpolyions

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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

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Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
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Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are formed by electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged biopolymers.
  • PECs offer advantages like biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and cost-effective production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prominent features of PECs.
  • To cover the mechanism, structural models, and fabrication of PECs.
  • To discuss factors influencing PEC formation and their applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of polyelectrolyte complexes.
  • Analysis of PEC formation mechanisms and structural models.
  • Tabulation of relevant patents.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of PEC formation, including interactions and fabrication steps.
  • Identification of key factors influencing PEC properties.
  • Overview of diverse applications of PECs.

Conclusions:

  • PECs represent a versatile and advantageous class of materials.
  • Understanding PEC formation is crucial for optimizing their applications.
  • The review provides a comprehensive resource on PECs and related patents.