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Lymphokine activated killer cells.

A Lindemann1, F Herrmann, W Oster

  • 1Department of Hematology, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.

Blut
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells show limited efficacy in tumor therapy, primarily benefiting renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients. Newer strategies focus on tumor-specific T cells due to LAK cell limitations.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy
  • Cellular Cytotoxicity

Background:

  • Human leukocytes can be induced by lymphokines to become cytotoxic.
  • Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced peripheral blood lymphocytes mediate major histocompatibility complex non-restricted tumor cell lysis, mainly via natural killer cells (TCR-negative large granular lymphocytes), termed lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of LAK cells in cancer treatment.
  • To evaluate clinical studies using IL-2 alone or with ex vivo activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical studies involving administration of IL-2.
  • Combination therapy with ex vivo IL-2-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  • Analysis of objective responses and toxicity in patients with various cancers.

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Main Results:

  • Objective responses were reproducibly observed only in renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.
  • These responses were associated with significant toxicity.
  • Efficacy was restricted, and doubts arose regarding LAK cells' role in observed in vivo responses.

Conclusions:

  • LAK cell therapy has limited efficacy and significant toxicity, with notable success only in specific cancers like renal cell carcinoma and melanoma.
  • Current research is shifting towards tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
  • Overcoming fundamental tumor immunology challenges is crucial for advancing T cell-based cancer therapies.