Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

571
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
571
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

5.0K
The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
5.0K
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

3.2K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
3.2K
Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

7.2K
Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

It's not just the phase: Frequency-dependent tuning of neuronal firing.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Fragile memories for fleeting percepts.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

Breakthrough percepts of familiar faces.

Brain informatics·2026
Same author

Sleep strengthens successor representations of learned sequences in humans.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Reframing the Expected Free Energy: Four Formulations and a Unification.

Neural computation·2026
Same author

Pre-stimulus alpha power modulates trial-by-trial variability in theta rhythmic multisensory entrainment strength and theta-induced memory effect.

Communications psychology·2026
Same journal

A large brain adds new types of neurons: Molecular and functional signatures of spindle neurons in the human neocortex.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Exercise as a regulator of glymphatic function.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same journal

The neural basis of laughter.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Enteric neuroimmune interactions in health and disease.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Atomic insights into the physiological and functional diversity of NMDA receptors.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same journal

Cognitive functions of the GPe.

Trends in neurosciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

9.6K

Oscillations and Episodic Memory: Addressing the Synchronization/Desynchronization Conundrum.

Simon Hanslmayr1, Bernhard P Staresina1, Howard Bowman2

  • 1University of Birmingham, School of Psychology, Birmingham, UK.

Trends in Neurosciences
|January 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new framework for understanding brain oscillations in episodic memory. It proposes that synchronized activity supports the hippocampus, while desynchronized activity supports the neocortex, integrating these roles.

Keywords:
MTLalpha/betacomplementary learning systemscross-frequency couplingepisodic memorygammahippocampusoscillationstheta

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

12.4K
Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation
08:02

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

9.6K
Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
07:33

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

12.4K
Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
07:03

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

Published on: July 31, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Episodic memory relies on brain oscillations.
  • Existing research presents conflicting views on synchronized vs. desynchronized oscillatory activity.
  • A unified framework is needed to reconcile these opposing findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the apparent contradiction regarding brain oscillations in episodic memory.
  • To propose a novel framework integrating synchronization and desynchronization.
  • To elucidate the interaction between hippocampal and neocortical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical framework development.
  • Integration of existing literature on brain oscillations and memory.
  • Conceptual model proposing a division of labor between brain regions.

Main Results:

  • Synchronization of brain oscillations is linked to hippocampal function in memory.
  • Desynchronization of brain oscillations is linked to neocortical function in memory.
  • A framework is presented where these opposing oscillatory dynamics serve distinct but interacting roles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework reconciles conflicting findings on oscillatory activity in episodic memory.
  • Synchronization and desynchronization reflect a functional division between hippocampal and neocortical systems.
  • This integration offers a new perspective on neural mechanisms of memory.