Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 27, 2026
11:03
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
9.1K
Off-equilibrium scaling behaviors across first-order transitions
Haralambos Panagopoulos1, Ettore Vicari2
1Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Lefkosia, CY-1678, Cyprus.
Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 15, 2016
Summary
This study explores non-equilibrium behaviors in first-order transitions (FOTs) using Potts models. Researchers found that specific boundary conditions can lead to emergent off-equilibrium scaling behaviors during slow temperature changes.
Area of Science:
- Statistical Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
Background:
- First-order transitions (FOTs) exhibit complex behaviors when driven out of equilibrium.
- Understanding off-equilibrium dynamics is crucial for various physical systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate non-trivial off-equilibrium scaling behaviors at FOTs under time-dependent temperature changes.
- Explore these phenomena in the slow driving regime (large time scales).
Main Methods:
- Utilize two-dimensional Potts models (q=10 and q=20) as a theoretical framework.
- Develop general ansatzes for off-equilibrium scaling.
- Employ numerical simulations to analyze model behaviors.
Main Results:
- Off-equilibrium scaling behaviors were observed in the studied Potts models.
- These behaviors emerge under relaxational dynamics with specific boundary conditions.
- Mixed boundary conditions, enforcing an interface, were found to be crucial.
Conclusions:
- Non-trivial off-equilibrium scaling is achievable at FOTs.
- The dynamics and boundary conditions significantly influence these scaling behaviors.
- Potts models serve as effective systems for studying thermal fluctuation-driven FOTs.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Scaling
657
In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
657
01:10First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium
8.5K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
8.5K
03:25Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States
13.8K
The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
13.8K
01:23Stability of Equilibrium Configuration
948
Understanding the stability of equilibrium configurations is a fundamental part of mechanical engineering. In any system, there are three distinct types of equilibrium: stable, neutral, and unstable.
A stable equilibrium occurs when a system tends to return to its original position when given a small displacement, and the potential energy is at its minimum. An example of a stable equilibrium is when a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and a weight is attached to the other end. If the weight...
A stable equilibrium occurs when a system tends to return to its original position when given a small displacement, and the potential energy is at its minimum. An example of a stable equilibrium is when a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and a weight is attached to the other end. If the weight...
948
02:31Multi-Step Reactions
9.0K
Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
9.0K
01:10Entropy Change in Reversible Processes
3.4K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.4K