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The Common Item In Measurement: Effects On Structure.

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    Common items in personality scales do not distort structure analysis. Removing common items revealed a similar intrinsic personality structure, suggesting they magnify existing patterns rather than create false ones.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychometrics
    • Personality Psychology
    • Quantitative Psychology

    Background:

    • The influence of shared items on personality structure analysis is a critical consideration in psychometric research.
    • Previous studies have raised concerns about potential biases introduced by common items in personality assessments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of common items on the inferred personality structure using the California Psychological Inventory (CPI).
    • To compare personality structures derived from original scales, reduced scales (excluding common items), and common items alone.

    Main Methods:

    • Smallest space analysis was employed to analyze three correlation matrices: original CPI scales, reduced scales, and common items.
    • Visual comparison, interpoint distance correlations, and configurational similarity analyses were used to assess structural congruence.

    Main Results:

    • A high degree of similarity was observed between the personality structures derived from the original scales, the item-overlap-free structure, and the structure of the common items.
    • The analyses indicated that common items tend to amplify the intrinsic structure present within the scales.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of common items does not appear to introduce significant distortion in personality structure analysis.
    • Common items likely enhance the visibility of an existing underlying structure rather than creating artificial patterns.
    • The 'common-item problem' is unlikely to pose a serious threat to the validity of personality measurement.