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Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Cerebral Reorganization after Hemispherectomy: A DTI Study.

A Meoded¹, A V Faria², A L Hartman³

¹From the Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology (A.M., T.A.G.M.H., A.P.).

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|January 16, 2016

Summary

Hemispherectomy alters white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in children, with changes correlating to age and recovery time. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals brain reorganization after this epilepsy surgery.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology
Pediatric Neurology

Background:

Hemispherectomy treats intractable pediatric seizures, often leading to cognitive improvements.
These improvements suggest significant plastic reorganization in the remaining brain hemisphere.
Understanding microstructural changes in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scalar changes in the remaining hemisphere's WM tracts post-hemispherectomy.
To assess correlations between DTI scalars, age at operation, and time since operation.
To evaluate changes in GM fractional anisotropy (FA) values compared to controls.

Main Methods:

Included 19 pediatric hemispherectomy patients and 21 controls with high-quality postsurgical DTI data.
Performed atlas- and voxel-based analyses of DTI data from the remaining hemisphere.
Calculated FA, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity for WM and GM regions; used linear regression for correlations.

Main Results:

Patients showed decreased WM FA and axial diffusivity, increased mean and radial diffusivity compared to controls (P < .05).
In acquired pathologies, time since operation positively correlated with WM FA.
Cortical GM FA increased in patients versus controls (P < .05).

Conclusions:

DTI metric changes suggest Wallerian and/or transneuronal degeneration in WM tracts.
Positive correlation between WM FA and time since operation in acquired pathologies indicates better recovery potential.
Findings highlight brain plasticity and recovery dynamics after hemispherectomy.