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Related Concept Videos

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
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A peer victimisation scale based on a behavioural consequences measurement strategy.

Jiyang Han1, Jing Xia1, Qiang He1

  • 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.

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|January 16, 2016
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Summary

This study introduces the Peer Victimisation Scale (PVS), a new tool to accurately measure bullying

Keywords:
assessmentchildrenpeer victimisationpsychometricsself-report

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of peer victimisation (bullying) is crucial for research and intervention.
  • Existing methods often fail to capture the full physical and psychological impact of bullying.
  • This study addresses this gap by developing a novel assessment tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Peer Victimisation Scale (PVS).
  • To create an instrument that accounts for the harmful consequences of bullying.
  • To improve the measurement of peer victimisation in children.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 40-item self-report questionnaire (PVS) assessing physical, verbal, relational, and control aspects of peer victimisation.
  • Recruited 1,469 students (Grades 3-8) to test psychometric properties.
  • Validated the scale with 420 students using a modified PVS and semi-structured interviews.

Main Results:

  • The PVS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.73-0.83) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.71-0.80).
  • Scale scores correlated well with a questionnaire-interview sample (r = 0.73-0.78).
  • Modest correlations were found with anxiety and depression symptoms (r = 0.36-0.54).

Conclusions:

  • The PVS is a reliable and effective instrument for assessing peer victimisation in children.
  • The scale aligns with measurement constructs and captures harmful consequences.
  • The PVS can facilitate more robust longitudinal research on bullying's impact.