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Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

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Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization

Published on: October 3, 2025

Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 August 2015 - 31 September 2015.

, Annegret Kohler¹, Antoine Kremer^2,3

¹INRA, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRA-Nancy, Rue D'Amance, 54280, Champenoux, France.

Molecular Ecology Resources

|January 16, 2016

Summary

This study makes new transcriptomic data publicly available for the Hazelnut tree (Corylus avellana L.) and the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis), a key vector for plague.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Transcriptomic data is crucial for understanding gene expression and biological functions.
Publicly available resources accelerate research in plant science and vector biology.

Purpose of the Study:

To document the public release of novel transcriptomic datasets.
To provide foundational genomic information for Corylus avellana L. and Xenopsylla cheopis.

Main Methods:

Transcriptome sequencing and assembly.
Data curation and deposition in public repositories.

Main Results:

Generation of comprehensive transcriptomic resources for Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.).
Availability of transcriptomic data for the oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis), a significant disease vector.

Conclusions:

These transcriptomic datasets will facilitate future research in hazelnut genetics and pest control strategies.
The released data supports comparative genomics and the study of plague transmission dynamics.