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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Parathyroid carcinoma.

Jay Goswamy1, Mary Lei, Ricard Simo

  • 1Departments of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Head and Neck Cancer Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|January 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cancer, often presenting with hypercalcemia due to high parathyroid hormone levels. Surgical excision with possible radiotherapy is the recommended treatment for this malignancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Parathyroid carcinoma is an exceptionally rare endocrine malignancy.
  • It accounts for approximately 0.005% of all cancer diagnoses.
  • Often presents with severe hypercalcemia due to functional tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding parathyroid carcinoma.
  • To cover incidence, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To provide an overview of current management strategies and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in parathyroid carcinoma.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges.
  • Evaluation of current treatment modalities and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Parathyroid carcinoma is one of the rarest malignancies, with a prevalence of ~0.005%.
  • Patients typically present with symptomatic hypercalcemia and significantly elevated parathyroid hormone levels.
  • Preoperative diagnosis is challenging; fine needle aspiration is contraindicated due to parathyromatosis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment for parathyroid carcinoma.
  • En bloc resection, potentially including the ipsilateral thyroid lobe and level VI dissection, is often necessary.
  • Postoperative radiotherapy should be considered, though its efficacy remains debated.