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Stunting at 5 Years Among SGA Newborns

Chuanbo Xie1, Leonard H Epstein2, Rina D Eiden3

  • 1Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Cancer Prevention Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;

Pediatrics
|January 17, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Maternal short stature or inadequate gestational weight gain significantly increases stunting risk in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. Combined smoking and inadequate GWG in mothers further elevates this risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are at increased risk for adverse health outcomes.
  • Stunting, defined as impaired growth and development, is a significant concern in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential risk of stunting at five years of age among etiological subgroups of SGA newborns.
  • To identify specific maternal and pregnancy-related risk factors contributing to stunting in SGA infants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a subsample (N=1100) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort.
  • Classification of SGA newborns (<10th percentile birth weight) into etiological subgroups based on eight risk factors or their co-occurrence.
  • Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of stunting (height-for-age z score <-2 at 5 years) across subgroups, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • SGA newborns with maternal short stature (OR=3.88) or inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) (OR=2.18) showed significantly higher odds of stunting at five years.
  • The combination of maternal smoking and inadequate GWG in SGA infants resulted in a substantially elevated risk of stunting (OR=3.10).

Conclusions:

  • Etiological factors significantly influence the risk of stunting in SGA newborns.
  • Maternal short stature and inadequate GWG are key risk factors for stunting in SGA infants.
  • Combined maternal smoking and inadequate GWG present a particularly high risk for stunting in SGA newborns.
Abstract

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