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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Construction and Characterization of a Novel Vocal Fold Bioreactor
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Stem cell approaches for vocal fold regeneration.

Jonathan M Fishman1,2, Jenny Long1, Markus Gugatschka3

  • 1UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.

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Regenerative medicine, using stem cells, offers new hope for vocal fold (VF) dysfunction. This approach aims to restore normal VF structure and function beyond current treatments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative medicine
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Current vocal fold (VF) dysfunction treatments, including conservative and surgical methods, have limitations.
  • The complex biomechanical properties of human VFs present challenges for conventional therapies.
  • Regenerative medicine holds promise for enhancing VF recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in regenerative medicine for VF regeneration.
  • To discuss the utilization of stem cells for restoring VF structure and function.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies for VF dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English literature from 1946-2015.
  • Focused on MEDLINE searches for VF tissue engineering studies involving stem cells.
  • Analysis of current regenerative approaches.

Main Results:

  • Three primary regenerative medicine approaches for VF regeneration identified: cell therapy, scaffold development, and growth factor utilization.
  • Stem cell advancements, including induced pluripotent stem cells, are progressing.
  • These techniques aim to restore normal VF structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • Regenerative medicine, particularly stem cell-based therapies, presents a promising future for treating VF dysfunction.
  • Continued advances in stem cell biology are expected to translate into clinical applications.
  • This field has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes for VF disorders.