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Engineered atherosclerosis-specific zinc ferrite nanocomplex-based MRI contrast agents.

Rajneesh Chaudhary1, Kislay Roy1, Rupinder Kaur Kanwar1

  • 1Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia.

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This study developed novel zinc-doped ferrite nanocomplexes for enhanced cardiovascular imaging. These bimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) contrast agents show promise for early atherosclerosis detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality.
  • Early diagnosis of CVDs is crucial for effective management.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are key non-invasive diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles doped with zinc.
  • To engineer these nanoparticles into targeted nanocomplexes using bovine lactoferrin, PEG, and Hsp-70 antibody for atherosclerosis.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo diagnostic potential of these nanocomplexes for MRI and CT imaging of atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of zinc-doped ferrite nanoparticles (Zn0.4Fe2.6O4) with optimized magnetic properties.
  • Functionalization of nanoparticles with bovine lactoferrin, PEG, and Hsp-70 antibody to form targeted nanocomplexes.
  • In vitro assessment of cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and proliferation.
  • Ex vivo MRI and X-ray CT imaging of atherosclerosis in Psammomys obesus rat models.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized zinc-doped ferrite nanoparticles (24 nm) with high saturation magnetization.
  • Developed spherical nanocomplexes (224.8 nm) exhibiting enhanced T2, T1, and CT contrast compared to commercial agents.
  • Demonstrated efficient cellular internalization within 2 hours.
  • Ex vivo imaging revealed significant arterial narrowing and contrast enhancement in adult rats, with targeted accumulation in atherosclerotic regions.

Conclusions:

  • Strategic development of bimodal MRI and CT contrast agents based on engineered nanocomplexes.
  • Successful validation in a Psammomys obesus model for atherosclerosis diagnostics.
  • These nanocomplexes offer a promising approach for early and accurate detection of cardiovascular complications.